best tent camping black hills image
.pearlie.
I have a few questions-
How did Westward Expansion affect women?
How did Westward Expansion affect blacks?
How did Westward Expansion affect Chinese?
How did Westward Expansion affect Mexicans?
try to answer all of these, please!
Answer
There is quite a lot about westward expansion as it affected women in 'America's Women' by Gail Collins. She writes:
'Once they reached the West, the early female pioneers enjoyed all the advantages that come with being scarce. "Even I have had men come forty miles over the mountains just to look at me, and I never was called a handsome woman, in my best days, even by my most ardent admirers" said Luzena Wilson. Irwin, Colorado, had only one respectable unmarried woman in a town that was filled with ambitious young men. A mining engineer noted in his diary that forty men were paying court to the eligible female, the sister of Mrs Reed, the camp doctor's wife. The Reeds set up a system, limiting the parlour to six callers at a time, and the caller to a miximum of "4 minutes on sofa with girl."
Despite the rough manners of the early western men, a woman with any claim to respetability could expect to be treated with great deference, if not awe. (When Elizabeth Gunn went to church with her children in Sonora, th emen sitting along the street stood up and saluted as she passed by). But the women desperately missed female friendships, and having so many men single men in one place inevitably led to the kind of behaviour that they found unpleasant. They complained in their letters about widespread drinking, gambling, swearing and violence.
Before they went west, most pioneer women had lived in houses that had het, soft beds, and other comforts. But in the crowded cities and gold mining camps of California, they slept in leaky tents, sat on crfates, and cooked over campfires. They slogged through mud and dust to get to Sunday services and gave birth to their children alone. Nevertheless, a lot of them seemed to enjoy themselves. "I like this wild and barbarous life" wrote Louise Clappe, who on another occasion had told her sister, "everybody ought to go to the mines, just to see how little it takes to make people comfortable in the world."
The women in the far West before the settlers arrived included both Native Americans and the Mexicans, who had been living in the area for centuries. White Americans generally had a low opinion of Mexicans - as they did about any people they were trying to displace. Nonetheless, they were impressed by the warmth of mexican families. "Their manners toewards one another is engaging and that of the children and the parents most affectionate" wrote Frederick Olmstead.
Once the Americans became a growing economic presence in the WEst, many wealthy mexicans wanted their daughters to intermarry and extend the family's political influence. The children of these marriages tended to adopt the language and manners of Americans. If their skin was light and they were wealthy, they were accepted and thenceforth referred to as Spanish. otherwise, they were still subject to discrimination.
For women, the gold in the California hills came from biscuits and flapjacks. A woman wrote from California to a Boston newspaper that in less than a year she had made $11,000 baking bread and cakes "in one little iron skillet". Black women, who had a reputation for being good cooks, went west with the same dreams. One pioneer recalled seeing a crowd of people crossing the desert on foot and noted that one of them was "a black woman....carrying a cast-iron bake oven on her head, with her provisions and blankets piled on top - all she possessed in the world - bravely pushing on for California."
With only a few dollars, a woman could opn a makeshift boarding house and earn a comfortable living. And though the men's standards were far from demanding, the boardinghouse's owner's work was difficult, and full of unusual challenges. One woman was troubled by animals, which took advantage of the shortage of doors "Sometimes I am up all night scaring the Hogs and mules out of the house" she said.
The labor shortage in the early West wiped out the normal rules about what jobs were appropriate for women. They worked as barbers and advertised their services as doctors, lawyers, and real estate agents. nellie Pooler Chapman took over her husband's dental practice in Nevada city, California. In Wyoming, Martha maxwell supported herself and her daughter by working as a taxidermist. "A smart woman can do very well in this country" wrote one young woman to a friend back east "It is the only country I was ever in where women received anything like a just compensation for work."
In 1879, thousands of ex-slaves left the Deep South, intent on resettling in Kansas. They knew if they could amke their break from the South and farm 160 acres of Kansas land for five years, the law said it would be theirs. Black women who went west - particularly those who travelled on their own - were independent and fighters. They were usually better educated than the average white female pioneer, and less interested in farming. Isolated communities and army outposts had very little discripination because there were so few blacks, - or people in general. "In the earliest days....each family was grateful for the help of each other other family and we were all on a level. However, later differences arose and sentiment against negroes developed" recalled a black pioneer.
Black women in western towns could only find work as servants, although those jobs paid two or three times a smuch as they did in the East. Even the wealthiest black woman in California, mary Ann Pleasant, always encouraged the impression that she was working as a domestic for the white men with whom she did business. Pleasant had, indded, gotten her start working as a cook. when she arrived at the San Franciso wharf she was, by one account "beseiged by a crowd of men, all anxious to employ her." She accepted one of the offers, for $500 a month, and invested her first earning in an accounting firm.
Clara Brown, a freed slave, tlaked her way onto a wagon train to Pike's peak by promising to do all the cooking and washing for the would-be prospectors. In Cherry Creek, the future city of Denver, she made a good deal of money running a laundry and became a well-loved citizen who, in the words of a local paper, turned her house "into a hospital, a hotel, and a general refuge for those who were sick and in poverty.
The Wyoming legislature, which had only twenty-one members in total, assembled for the first time in october 1869. William Bright was elected president of the all-Democratic Senate and proposed his suffrage bill, to give the vote to women. The bill passed, as did legislation to protectg married women's property rights and require equal pay for female schoolteachers.
The territory very much wanted to attract more women to come, so anything that served to distinguish Wyoming as aplce that was friendly to feminine concerns was good. On September 6, 1870, led by Louisa Ann Swain, a seventy-year-old Laramie housewife, Wyoming women became the first ever to take part in a public election.
The first dozen states to give women the right to vote were all in the WEst. Wyoming just managed to beat out Utah, which passed a suffrage law in February 1870. colorad and Ihado followed suit before 1900. Westerners did not have any different ideology about women's role, but they had different needs. Wyoming was not th eonly state passing laws in hopes that more women would want to emigrate. When the California legislature was debating a married woman's rpoperty act, one bachelor argued tha the proposal was "the very best provision to get us wives that we can introduce into the Constitution." '
There is quite a lot about westward expansion as it affected women in 'America's Women' by Gail Collins. She writes:
'Once they reached the West, the early female pioneers enjoyed all the advantages that come with being scarce. "Even I have had men come forty miles over the mountains just to look at me, and I never was called a handsome woman, in my best days, even by my most ardent admirers" said Luzena Wilson. Irwin, Colorado, had only one respectable unmarried woman in a town that was filled with ambitious young men. A mining engineer noted in his diary that forty men were paying court to the eligible female, the sister of Mrs Reed, the camp doctor's wife. The Reeds set up a system, limiting the parlour to six callers at a time, and the caller to a miximum of "4 minutes on sofa with girl."
Despite the rough manners of the early western men, a woman with any claim to respetability could expect to be treated with great deference, if not awe. (When Elizabeth Gunn went to church with her children in Sonora, th emen sitting along the street stood up and saluted as she passed by). But the women desperately missed female friendships, and having so many men single men in one place inevitably led to the kind of behaviour that they found unpleasant. They complained in their letters about widespread drinking, gambling, swearing and violence.
Before they went west, most pioneer women had lived in houses that had het, soft beds, and other comforts. But in the crowded cities and gold mining camps of California, they slept in leaky tents, sat on crfates, and cooked over campfires. They slogged through mud and dust to get to Sunday services and gave birth to their children alone. Nevertheless, a lot of them seemed to enjoy themselves. "I like this wild and barbarous life" wrote Louise Clappe, who on another occasion had told her sister, "everybody ought to go to the mines, just to see how little it takes to make people comfortable in the world."
The women in the far West before the settlers arrived included both Native Americans and the Mexicans, who had been living in the area for centuries. White Americans generally had a low opinion of Mexicans - as they did about any people they were trying to displace. Nonetheless, they were impressed by the warmth of mexican families. "Their manners toewards one another is engaging and that of the children and the parents most affectionate" wrote Frederick Olmstead.
Once the Americans became a growing economic presence in the WEst, many wealthy mexicans wanted their daughters to intermarry and extend the family's political influence. The children of these marriages tended to adopt the language and manners of Americans. If their skin was light and they were wealthy, they were accepted and thenceforth referred to as Spanish. otherwise, they were still subject to discrimination.
For women, the gold in the California hills came from biscuits and flapjacks. A woman wrote from California to a Boston newspaper that in less than a year she had made $11,000 baking bread and cakes "in one little iron skillet". Black women, who had a reputation for being good cooks, went west with the same dreams. One pioneer recalled seeing a crowd of people crossing the desert on foot and noted that one of them was "a black woman....carrying a cast-iron bake oven on her head, with her provisions and blankets piled on top - all she possessed in the world - bravely pushing on for California."
With only a few dollars, a woman could opn a makeshift boarding house and earn a comfortable living. And though the men's standards were far from demanding, the boardinghouse's owner's work was difficult, and full of unusual challenges. One woman was troubled by animals, which took advantage of the shortage of doors "Sometimes I am up all night scaring the Hogs and mules out of the house" she said.
The labor shortage in the early West wiped out the normal rules about what jobs were appropriate for women. They worked as barbers and advertised their services as doctors, lawyers, and real estate agents. nellie Pooler Chapman took over her husband's dental practice in Nevada city, California. In Wyoming, Martha maxwell supported herself and her daughter by working as a taxidermist. "A smart woman can do very well in this country" wrote one young woman to a friend back east "It is the only country I was ever in where women received anything like a just compensation for work."
In 1879, thousands of ex-slaves left the Deep South, intent on resettling in Kansas. They knew if they could amke their break from the South and farm 160 acres of Kansas land for five years, the law said it would be theirs. Black women who went west - particularly those who travelled on their own - were independent and fighters. They were usually better educated than the average white female pioneer, and less interested in farming. Isolated communities and army outposts had very little discripination because there were so few blacks, - or people in general. "In the earliest days....each family was grateful for the help of each other other family and we were all on a level. However, later differences arose and sentiment against negroes developed" recalled a black pioneer.
Black women in western towns could only find work as servants, although those jobs paid two or three times a smuch as they did in the East. Even the wealthiest black woman in California, mary Ann Pleasant, always encouraged the impression that she was working as a domestic for the white men with whom she did business. Pleasant had, indded, gotten her start working as a cook. when she arrived at the San Franciso wharf she was, by one account "beseiged by a crowd of men, all anxious to employ her." She accepted one of the offers, for $500 a month, and invested her first earning in an accounting firm.
Clara Brown, a freed slave, tlaked her way onto a wagon train to Pike's peak by promising to do all the cooking and washing for the would-be prospectors. In Cherry Creek, the future city of Denver, she made a good deal of money running a laundry and became a well-loved citizen who, in the words of a local paper, turned her house "into a hospital, a hotel, and a general refuge for those who were sick and in poverty.
The Wyoming legislature, which had only twenty-one members in total, assembled for the first time in october 1869. William Bright was elected president of the all-Democratic Senate and proposed his suffrage bill, to give the vote to women. The bill passed, as did legislation to protectg married women's property rights and require equal pay for female schoolteachers.
The territory very much wanted to attract more women to come, so anything that served to distinguish Wyoming as aplce that was friendly to feminine concerns was good. On September 6, 1870, led by Louisa Ann Swain, a seventy-year-old Laramie housewife, Wyoming women became the first ever to take part in a public election.
The first dozen states to give women the right to vote were all in the WEst. Wyoming just managed to beat out Utah, which passed a suffrage law in February 1870. colorad and Ihado followed suit before 1900. Westerners did not have any different ideology about women's role, but they had different needs. Wyoming was not th eonly state passing laws in hopes that more women would want to emigrate. When the California legislature was debating a married woman's rpoperty act, one bachelor argued tha the proposal was "the very best provision to get us wives that we can introduce into the Constitution." '
What was life like for women in the American West?
PiecesOfPe
If you have any information or know any good websites please share!
I can't seem to find anything.
Answer
In 'America's Women' Gail Collins writes:
'Once they reached the West, the early female pioneers enjoyed all the advantages that come with being scarce. "Even I have had men come forty miles just to look at me, and I never was called a handsome woman, in my best days,. even by my most ardent admirers." said Luzena Wilson. Irwin, Colorado, had only one respectable unmarried woman in a town that was filled with ambitiou young men. A mining engineer noted in his diary that foty men were paying court to the eligible female, the sister of Mrs Reed, the camp doctor's wife. The Reeds set up a system, limiting the parlor to six callers at a time and the callers to a maximum of "4 minutes on sofa with girl".
Despite the rough manners of the early western men, a woman with any claim to respectability could expect to be treated with great deference, even awe. (When Elizabeth Gunn went to church with her children in Sonora, the men sitting along the streeet stood up and saluted as she passed by.) But the women missed female friendships, and having so many single men in one place inevitably led to the sort of behaviour that they found unpleasant. They complained in their letters about widespread drinking, gambling, swearing and violence. "In the short space of 24 days" wrote Louise Clappe, the wife of a mining camp doctor to her sister "We have had murders, fearful accidents, bloody deaths, a mob, whippings, a hanging, an attempted suicide and a fatal duel."
Before they went west, most pioneer women had lived in houses that had heat, soft beds, and other comforts. But in the crowded citis and gold mining camps of California, they slept in leaky tents, sat on crates, and cooked over campfires. They slogged through mud and dust to get to Sunday services and gave birth to their children alone. Nevertheless, a lot of them seemed to enjoy themselves. "I like this wild and barbarous life" wrote Louise Clappe who on another occasion had told her sister "everybody ought to go to the mines, just to see how little it takes to make people comfortable in the world."
For women, the gold in the California hills came from biscuits and flapjacks. A woman wrote from Califronia to a Boston newspaper, reporting that in less than a year she had made $11,000 baking bread and cakes "in one little iron skillet." Black women, who had a reputation for being good cooks, went west with the same dreams. One pioneer recalled seeing a crowd of people crossing the desert on foot and noted that one of them was "a black woman ... .carrying a cast-iron bake oven on her head, with her provisions and blankets piled on top - all she possessed in the world - bravely pushing on for California."
With only a few dollars grubstake, a woman could open a makeshift boardinghouse and earn a comfortable income. It didn't make sense to invest much in the houses, since the miners moved on at the first news of a gold strike somewhere else. Martha Gray Masterson, who followed her husband through gold rush territory, moved twenty times in twenty years, opening hotels, boardinghouses, grocery stores, and dry goods shops along the way. And though the men's standards were far from demanding, the boardinghouse owner's work wasw difficult, and full of unusual challenges. One woman was troubled by animals, which took advantage of the shortage of doors "Sometimes I am up all night scaring the Hogs and mules out of the House." she said.
The labor shortage in the early West wiped out the normal rules about what jobs were appropriate for women. They worked as barbers and advertised their services as doctors, lawyers, and real estate agents. Nellie Poole Chapman took over her husband's dental practice in Nevada City, California. Although a very small woman, MrsChaman was apparently skilled in the era's dental arts, which leaned heaily in the direction of extraction. "A smart woman can do very well in this country" wrote one young woman to a friend back east. "It is the only country I was ever in where women received anything like a just compensation for work."
In 'America's Women' Gail Collins writes:
'Once they reached the West, the early female pioneers enjoyed all the advantages that come with being scarce. "Even I have had men come forty miles just to look at me, and I never was called a handsome woman, in my best days,. even by my most ardent admirers." said Luzena Wilson. Irwin, Colorado, had only one respectable unmarried woman in a town that was filled with ambitiou young men. A mining engineer noted in his diary that foty men were paying court to the eligible female, the sister of Mrs Reed, the camp doctor's wife. The Reeds set up a system, limiting the parlor to six callers at a time and the callers to a maximum of "4 minutes on sofa with girl".
Despite the rough manners of the early western men, a woman with any claim to respectability could expect to be treated with great deference, even awe. (When Elizabeth Gunn went to church with her children in Sonora, the men sitting along the streeet stood up and saluted as she passed by.) But the women missed female friendships, and having so many single men in one place inevitably led to the sort of behaviour that they found unpleasant. They complained in their letters about widespread drinking, gambling, swearing and violence. "In the short space of 24 days" wrote Louise Clappe, the wife of a mining camp doctor to her sister "We have had murders, fearful accidents, bloody deaths, a mob, whippings, a hanging, an attempted suicide and a fatal duel."
Before they went west, most pioneer women had lived in houses that had heat, soft beds, and other comforts. But in the crowded citis and gold mining camps of California, they slept in leaky tents, sat on crates, and cooked over campfires. They slogged through mud and dust to get to Sunday services and gave birth to their children alone. Nevertheless, a lot of them seemed to enjoy themselves. "I like this wild and barbarous life" wrote Louise Clappe who on another occasion had told her sister "everybody ought to go to the mines, just to see how little it takes to make people comfortable in the world."
For women, the gold in the California hills came from biscuits and flapjacks. A woman wrote from Califronia to a Boston newspaper, reporting that in less than a year she had made $11,000 baking bread and cakes "in one little iron skillet." Black women, who had a reputation for being good cooks, went west with the same dreams. One pioneer recalled seeing a crowd of people crossing the desert on foot and noted that one of them was "a black woman ... .carrying a cast-iron bake oven on her head, with her provisions and blankets piled on top - all she possessed in the world - bravely pushing on for California."
With only a few dollars grubstake, a woman could open a makeshift boardinghouse and earn a comfortable income. It didn't make sense to invest much in the houses, since the miners moved on at the first news of a gold strike somewhere else. Martha Gray Masterson, who followed her husband through gold rush territory, moved twenty times in twenty years, opening hotels, boardinghouses, grocery stores, and dry goods shops along the way. And though the men's standards were far from demanding, the boardinghouse owner's work wasw difficult, and full of unusual challenges. One woman was troubled by animals, which took advantage of the shortage of doors "Sometimes I am up all night scaring the Hogs and mules out of the House." she said.
The labor shortage in the early West wiped out the normal rules about what jobs were appropriate for women. They worked as barbers and advertised their services as doctors, lawyers, and real estate agents. Nellie Poole Chapman took over her husband's dental practice in Nevada City, California. Although a very small woman, MrsChaman was apparently skilled in the era's dental arts, which leaned heaily in the direction of extraction. "A smart woman can do very well in this country" wrote one young woman to a friend back east. "It is the only country I was ever in where women received anything like a just compensation for work."
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